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4月支給の年金から「天引きされるお金」は何?月額17万円の年金で天引き額をシミュレーションン

人手不足を背景に、大企業を中心に大幅にベースアップする企業が増えています。年金も2025年4月から1.9%引き上げられますが、物価の高騰には追いついていません。

新年度を乗り切るために、年金からどのようなお金がいくら天引きされているのか確認することも大切です。

本記事では、4月支給の年金から天引きされるお金について解説します。

具体例を使った天引き額の試算方法も紹介しますので、新年度の家計収支を考えるときの参考にしてください。

※編集部注:外部配信先ではハイパーリンクや図表などの画像を全部閲覧できない場合があります。その際はLIMO内でご確認ください。

年金から天引きされる税金と社会保険料の種類とは

65歳以上の人の年金から天引きされるのは、次の税金と社会保険料です。

 ・所得税と復興特別所得税
 ・住民税
 ・国民健康保険料(75歳以上の人は後期高齢者医療保険料)
 ・介護保険料
それぞれについて、年金から天引きされるお金の計算方法を解説します

年金から天引きされる税金の計算方法

最初に、年金から天引きされる所得税・復興特別所得税と住民税の計算方法から見ていきましょう。

●所得税・復興特別所得税の計算
所得税・復興特別所得税は、課税所得に税率を掛けて計算します。

所得税率は所得194万9000円までは5.105%(復興特別所得税を含む)です。

 ・所得税額=課税所得×5.105%
課税所得は、年金支給額から基礎控除(48万円)や公的年金等控除(65歳以上は110万円)、配偶者控除や扶養控除などを差し引いて計算します。

収入が年金だけで、配偶者や扶養家族がいなければ課税所得は次の通りです。

 ・課税所得=年金収入(年額)-158万円
年金収入が158万円までなら課税所得がないため、所得税はかかりません。2つの計算式をまとめると、年金生活者の所得税額は次の計算式で算出できます。

 ・所得税額=(年金収入-158万円)×5.105%
●住民税の計算
住民税は、所得に応じて課税される「所得割」と、所得に関係なく一律に課税される「均等割」を合算して計算します。

居住する自治体によって異なりますが、所得割は所得金額の約10%、均等割は年額で約6万円です。計算式にすると次のとおりです。

 ・住民税額=(年金収入-153万円※)×10%+6万円
※住民税の基礎控除額は43万円で、公的年金等控除額と合わせて153万円になります。

ここまで、年金から天引きされるお金の種類と税金の計算方法について解説しました。

次章では、社会保険料の計算方法と、月額17万円の年金から天引きされる金額を紹介します。

年金から天引きされる国民健康保険料の計算方法

次に、年金から天引きされる国民健康保険料の計算方法を紹介します。

国民健康保険料は、次の3つを合計して原則同時に計算します。

 ・医療分:国民健康保険の給付財源となる保険料
 ・支援分:後期高齢者医療制度への支援金
 ・介護分:介護保険の給付財源になる保険料


各保険料は、住民税と同じように所得割と均等割を合算して算出します。少し複雑ですが、江戸川区のホームページに掲載されている計算方法を見るとイメージしやすいでしょう。

ただし、65歳になると国民健康保険料と介護保険料は別々に計算し徴収されるため、65歳以上の人の国民健康保険料は医療分と支援分の合計額となります。

収入が年金だけの単身者の国民健康保険料は、上記を合計して次の通りです。

国民健康保険料=課税所得×(9.40%+3.15%)+(5万1600円+1万7400 円)=(年金収入-153万円)×12.55%+6万9000円

所得割の税率や均等割額は地方自治体によって異なるため、居住地の自治体ホームページなどで確認しましょう。

年金から天引きされる介護保険料

65歳以上の人の介護保険料は、各地方自治体が定める「基準額」に所得段階に応じて決まる「保険料率」を掛けて計算します。

江戸川区の「介護保険のページ」によると、江戸川区の所得段階は19段階(地方自治体で異なる)あります。

年金生活者の場合、「合計所得金額」は年金収入から公的年金等控除額(110万円)を差し引いて計算します。

月額17万円の年金から天引きされる金額

厚生労働省の「令和5年度厚生年金保険・国民年金事業の概況」によると、65歳以上男性の厚生年金受給権者の平均受給額は約17万円です。

単身年金生活者の月額が17万円(年額204万円)であると仮定して、年金から天引きされる金額を計算してみましょう。

 ・住民税の所得割は所得金額の10%、均等割は年額で6万円とする
 ・国民健康保険料と介護保険料は前述の江戸川区の計算方法を用いて計算する


これまで解説した計算方法を用いて、年金から天引きされる税金などの年額を計算します。

 ・所得税額=(204万円-158万円)×5.105%=約2万3000円
 ・住民税額=(204万円-153万円)×10%+6万円=約11万1000円
 ・社会保険料=(204万円-153万円)×15.18%+8万7000円=約16万4000円


これまで解説した計算方法を用いて、最初に天引きされる税金などの年額を計算します。

 ・所得税額=(204万円-158万円)×5.105%=約2万3000円
 ・住民税額=(204万円-153万円)×10%+6万円=約11万1000円
 ・国民健康保険料=(204万円-153万円)×12.55%+6万9000円=約13万3000円
 ・介護保険料:合計所得金額94万円(=204万円-110万円)で年8万7840円


上記の3つを合計すると、天引きの年額は約35万円です。

12か月で割って1月当たりの天引き額に換算すると約3万円となります。

天引き額は、年金収入の約18%です。配偶者控除など所得控除が多ければ課税所得は少なくなるため、天引き額も少なくなります。

まとめにかえて

一定以上の年金収入がある人は、年金から所得税や復興特別所得税、住民税、国民健康保険料(75歳以上の人は後期高齢者医療保険料)、介護保険料が天引きされます。

年金収入によって天引き額は大きく異なり、年金額が多い人ほど天引きされる割合は高くなります。

天引き額を計算するときは、正確な課税所得を算出するために所得控除を理解することがポイントです。

年金からの天引き額と手取り収入を確認して、家計収支を点検してみましょう。

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